Gender Determination by Radiographic Evaluation of Condylar Length, Coronoid Height and Gonial Angle

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published May 30, 2023
https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/13/2/2021.691
Download
PDF
Statistic

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...
Volume 13, Issue 2, May - August 2021

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Nisha Kumari
PG Student, Department of OMDR, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow – 226020, U.P.
Nitin Agarwal
Professor and Head, Department of OMDR, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow – 226020, U.P.
Payal Tripathi
Professor, Department of OMDR, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow – 226020, U.P.
Vasu Siddhartha Saxena
Professor, Department of OMDR, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow – 226020, U.P.
Neha Agarwal
Reader, Department of OMDR, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow – 226020, U.P.
Krishnakant Choudhary
Department of OMDR, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow – 226020, U.P.

Abstract

Introduction: Forensic dentistry plays an important role in the identification of the gender of an individual in situations like natural disasters (eg. earthquakes, floods, etc.) or man-made disasters (such as accidents and bombings). Among all the bones in the human body, the pelvis and the skull show the maximum sexual dimorphism. But in cases where an intact skull is not found, the mandible becomes our first choice for gender determination, as it is covered with dense, compact bone, which makes it very durable and well-preserved. Aims and Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of condylar height, coronoid height and gonial angle of the mandible for sex determination using orthopantomography and to compare and determine the most reliable parameter for gender determination. Materials and Method: This study was conducted using digital panoramic images of 25 patients of each gender. The images captured were viewed on AutoCAD 2014 software and were subjected to measurements of the condylar, coronoid heights and gonial angles both on the left and right side using AutoCAD 2014 imaging software. The data was entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet and statistical analysis was done. Results: The Student t-test showed significant (P < 0.05) differences and higher values for both condylar height and coronoid height on both the right and left sides of males as compared to females. However, the difference in the mean gonial angle on both the right and left sides did not differ (P > 0.05) between the two genders. All three variables were higher in males as compared to females. Conclusion: The parameters such as condylar height, coronoid height and gonial angle using orthopantomographs are reliable in gender determination and the condylar height of the left side is the best parameter in gender determination.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Kumari, N., Agarwal, N., Tripathi, P., Siddhartha Saxena, V., Agarwal, N., & Choudhary, K. (2023). Gender Determination by Radiographic Evaluation of Condylar Length, Coronoid Height and Gonial Angle. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 13(2), 121–125. https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/13/2/2021.691
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Vajra M, Ch A. Determination of Gender Using Condylar Height and Coronoid Height–an Orthopantomographic Study.
  2. Ata-Ali J, Ata-Ali F. Forensic dentistry in human identification: A review of the literature. Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry. 2014; 6(2):e162. https://doi. org/10.4317/jced.51387 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.51387
  3. Upadhyay RB, Upadhyay J, Agrawal P, Rao NN. Analysis of gonial angle in relation to age, gender, and dentition status by radiological and anthropometric methods. Journal of forensic dental sciences. 2012; 4(1):29. https://doi. org/10.4103/0975-1475.99160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1475.99160
  4. Sairam V, Geethamalika MV, Kumar PB, Naresh G, Raju GP. Determination of sexual dimorphism in humans by measurements of mandible on digital panoramic radiograph. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry. 2016; 7(4):434. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.194110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.194110
  5. Desai VC, Desai SD, Shaik HS. Morphological study of mandible.
  6. Hu KS, Koh KS, Han SH, Shin KJ, Kim HJ. Sex determination using nonmetric characteristics of the mandible in Koreans. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2006; 51(6):1376-82. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00270.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00270.x
  7. Shkenazi M, Taubman L, Gavish A. Age‐associated changes of the mandibular foramen position in anteroposterior dimension and of the mandibular angle in dry human mandibles. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology. 2011; 294(8):1319-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.21429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.21429
  8. Singh R, Mishra SR, Passey J, Kumar P, Singh S, Sinha P, Gupta S. Sexual dimorphism in adult human mandible of North Indian origin. Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research. 2015; 3(03):82. https://doi.org/10.4236/fmar.2015.33014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/fmar.2015.33014
  9. Katti G, Katti C, Shahbaz S, Khan M, Ghali SR. Reliability of panoramic radiography in assessing gonial angle compared to lateral cephalogram in adult patients with Class I malocclusion. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 2016; 28(3):252. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-1363.195668 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-1363.195668
  10. Fekonja A, Cretnik A. Gender and Age Differences in Mandibular Ramus and Body Measurements: A Radiographic Study. Journal of Hard Tissue Biology. 2022; 31(1):9-14. https://doi.org/10.2485/jhtb.31.9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2485/jhtb.31.9
  11. Albalawi AS, Alam MK, Vundavalli S, Ganji KK, Patil S. Mandible: An indicator for sex determination–A threedimensional cone-beam computed tomography study. Contemporary clinical dentistry. 2019; 10(1):69. https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_313_18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_313_18
  12. Chandra A, Bastian TS, Singh A, Bhagirathi DL. Role of dentist in identification in mass disaster. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine Toxicology. 2010; 4(1).
  13. Rushton VE, Horner K, Worthington HV. Factors influencing the selection of panoramic radiography in general dental practice. Journal of Dentistry. 1999; 27(8):565-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300- 5712(99)00031-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-5712(99)00031-7
  14. Saraswathi K. Gopal, Supriya Manoharam, Mahesh Kumar. “Measure it right” - Mandible in forensics as an aid in gender determination: A retrospective 3d cone beam computed tomographic study.
  15. Ongkana N, Sudwan P. Gender difference in Thai mandibles using metric analysis. Chiang Mai Med J. 2009; 48(2):43-8.
  16. Ramesh A, Velpula N, Tandon R, Zardi FT, Kanakagiri M. Determination of age and gender using condylar height and coronoid height - An orthopantomographic study. IP International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging. 2020; 4(3):87-90. https://doi.org/10.18231/2581-3838.2018.0022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18231/2581-3838.2018.0022
  17. Samatha K, Byahatti SM, Ammanagi RA, Tantradi P, Sarang CK, Shivpuje P. Sex determination by mandibular ramus: A digital orthopantomographic study. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences. 2016; 8(2):95. https://doi. org/10.4103/0975-1475.186367 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1475.186367
  18. Björk A, Solow B. Measurement on radiographs. Journal of Dental Research. 1962; 41(3):672-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345620410032101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345620410032101